Industrial Automation Glossary
Plain definitions of the industrial automation terms used across the PROIND Electronics catalog, quotations and sourcing process.
- PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
- An industrial computer that executes control logic to operate machines and processes, reading field inputs and driving outputs in real time.
- HMI (Human-Machine Interface)
- An operator panel or software interface used to visualize process data and send commands to a control system.
- VFD (Variable Frequency Drive)
- A drive that controls the speed and torque of an AC motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to it.
- Servo drive
- A drive that controls a servo motor in closed loop, using position, speed or torque feedback for precise motion control.
- I/O module
- A module that connects field signals — digital or analog inputs and outputs — to a controller or remote station.
- Encoder
- A sensor that converts rotary or linear movement into an electrical signal used for position or speed feedback.
- Part number (MPN)
- The manufacturer's unique identifier for a product. It is the most reliable way to request an exact industrial component.
- Obsolete / discontinued part
- A component the manufacturer no longer produces. It may still be available through surplus, refurbished or alternative sourcing channels.
- New surplus
- An unused product from surplus inventory. Packaging or manufacturing date may differ from current factory stock.
- Refurbished
- A previously used product that has been inspected, repaired or restored according to the information stated in the listing.
- RFQ (Request for Quotation)
- A formal request listing part numbers and quantities, answered with a written commercial quotation in USD.
- Incoterm
- An international trade term (such as EXW, FCA, CPT or DAP) defining which party pays for transport, insurance, duties and where risk transfers.
- Lead time
- The time between order confirmation and shipment or delivery. It is confirmed for each quotation.
- Cross-reference / equivalent
- An alternative part proposed as functionally similar to another. Compatibility must always be technically verified before installation.